Roman numerals are a numeral system that originated in ancient Rome and were used throughout the Roman Empire. They are still occasionally used today for certain purposes, such as numbering the chapters or sections of books, indicating the order of monarchs with the same name, or for decorative purposes.

Here are the basic Roman numerals and their corresponding values:

1. I – Represents the number 1.
2. V – Represents the number 5.
3. X – Represents the number 10.
4. L – Represents the number 50.
5. C – Represents the number 100.
6. D – Represents the number 500.
7. M – Represents the number 1000.

Roman numerals are typically written by combining these basic symbols to form numbers. For example:

• II represents 2 (I + I).
• III represents 3 (I + I + I).
• IV represents 4 (1 less than 5, so it’s IV, which is 5 – 1).
• IX represents 9 (1 less than 10, so it’s IX, which is 10 – 1).
• XL represents 40 (10 less than 50, so it’s XL, which is 50 – 10).
• XC represents 90 (10 less than 100, so it’s XC, which is 100 – 10).
• CD represents 400 (100 less than 500, so it’s CD, which is 500 – 100).
• CM represents 900 (100 less than 1000, so it’s CM, which is 1000 – 100).

Roman numerals can be added, subtracted, and combined to represent a wide range of numbers. They are read from left to right, and when a smaller numeral appears before a larger numeral, you subtract the smaller value from the larger one.

While Roman numerals are not commonly used for everyday arithmetic and calculations today, they still have historical and traditional significance, particularly in the context of numbering, dates on buildings, clock faces, and other decorative or symbolic uses.

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